Key facts
- Proteomics analysis revealed seed proteins from sesame and moringa in ancient Egyptian artifacts.
- Animal collagens and egg proteins were also identified as common binders and adhesives.
- The moringa tree was symbolically significant to ancient Egyptians, associated with the god Ptah.
- The study analyzed samples from artifacts dating between 1425 BCE and 400 CE.
- The technique used, mass spectrometry-based proteomics, requires minimal sample material and can characterize all proteins present.
Scientists have employed advanced proteomics techniques to analyze the composition of ancient Egyptian materials, uncovering unexpected ingredients in paints, binders, and adhesives. The study, published in Science Advances, utilized mass spectrometry-based proteomics, a sensitive method that requires minimal sample material to thoroughly characterize protein residues. Researchers analyzed tiny samples from various Egyptian artifacts, including painted wooden coffins, wall painting fragments, mummy busts, and architectural elements, dating from 1425 BCE to 400 CE. While expected sources like animal collagens and egg proteins were found, the analysis also identified seed proteins from sesame and drumstick tree (moringa). These plant-based proteins suggest a broader range of materials used by ancient Egyptian artisans than previously understood. The presence of moringa proteins is particularly noteworthy, as the moringa tree held significant religious and symbolic meaning for ancient Egyptians, being associated with the god Ptah, the patron of craftsmen. The authors suggest that the inclusion of moringa might have been for its symbolic value or as a protective measure for the finished artwork. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ancient Egyptian artistic practices and the cultural significance of their materials.