Key facts
- Rapper and opposition activist Vigario Luis Balanta was killed in Guinea-Bissau in March.
- Balanta's movement has gone underground following his death.
- The military government seized power in November and has since restricted dissent.
- Balanta was known for his music that openly addressed political and social issues.
- The movement's leaders continue to advocate for political freedoms and the rule of law.
- The government plans a constitutional referendum and general elections in the coming years.
In Guinea-Bissau, the opposition movement has been forced underground following the killing of prominent activist and rapper Vigario Luis Balanta in March. Balanta, known for his music that openly addressed the country's political and social challenges, was beaten to death and his body found in a field outside the capital. His wife, Dulce, had repeatedly urged him to adopt a lower profile, fearing for his safety amid the nation's ongoing cycle of coups and violence since its independence from Portugal in 1974.
The military-led government, which seized power in November, has condemned Balanta's killing and stated it is investigating, though the opposition accuses the government of protecting his killers. The government claims it took power to combat drug trafficking, as Guinea-Bissau has long been a significant cocaine transport hub. Opposition presidential contender Fernando Dias, who believes the takeover derailed his election prospects, has returned to the country and feels unsafe, facing restrictions but vowing to continue fighting for political freedoms.
Balanta's movement, Po' di Terra, which roughly translates to 'natives of the land,' was created in 2023. After the military crackdown in November, authorities intensified control, arresting opposition figures and banning public dissent. Despite this, Balanta continued to speak out. Following his death, local and international artists have shared musical tributes. The movement's new leader, Nado da Cunha, based in Brazil, communicates with an inner circle of approximately 21 members, primarily in Guinea-Bissau, through an encrypted chat group to keep the movement alive and foster grassroots support. Their objective is to encourage the population to demand political freedoms and the rule of law.
The military government has announced plans for a constitutional referendum on August 30, followed by general elections scheduled for December 6, 2026. Close friends and movement leaders emphasize that Balanta's courage continues to inspire their efforts, with his dying wish being for the struggle to continue and the movement to endure.