Key facts
- The inquiry report, Surrendering Australia: the Aukus Deception, calls for the submarine plan's immediate termination.
- It recommends suspending plans for new bases and a royal commission into the agreement signed by the Morrison government.
- The inquiry estimates an additional $180 billion will be needed to deal with nuclear waste from the fleet.
- Garrett said the Stirling defence precinct in Perth risked becoming a de facto US base hosting as many as 2,000 US personnel.
- Barrie, chief of defence from 1998 to 2002, said the submarine plan is not tenable and should be scrapped.
- Australia is due to start receiving secondhand Virginia class submarines around 2032, with the SSN Aukus model due in 2042.
A public inquiry into the $368 billion Aukus nuclear submarine agreement called the plan "the worst, riskiest and most costly defence decision ever made by an Australian government" and urged its immediate termination. The report, titled Surrendering Australia: the Aukus Deception, was led by former Labor senator and Midnight Oil frontman Peter Garrett and former chief of defence Adm Chris Barrie, and was dominated by critics of the deal with the UK and US.
The inquiry recommended suspending plans for new bases and holding a royal commission into the agreement signed by the former Morrison government. It said Australia risks being dragged into military conflict with China because of the presence of powerful nuclear submarines, and that Aukus badly undermines Australia's sovereignty and undercuts longstanding commitments to nuclear non-proliferation. It called for a rework of the second pillar of the agreement, which covers technology and defence capability sharing, and for a fundamental recalibration of Australia's relationship with Beijing.
After hearings around the country and more than 1,000 public submissions, the inquiry highlighted a lack of scrutiny and oversight over the five years since Aukus was announced and called for the auditor general and federal parliament to launch independent reviews. "Since coming to power, Labor has failed to conduct a thorough review of this most significant of defence agreements," Garrett told the National Press Club in Canberra. "Conceived in secret, Aukus has spurned established defence and parliamentary oversight practices."
Garrett said the Stirling defence precinct in Perth risked becoming a "de facto US base" hosting as many as 2,000 serving American personnel, and that nearby communities including Rockingham and Fremantle would become targets for attack. "The Aukus submarine plan is not tenable," Barrie, who served as chief of defence between 1998 and 2002, said. "It's time for our government to take the lead on this matter. Scrap the Aukus submarine plan now, and rebuild national security decision-making processes."
Labor agreed to support the deal for Australia to acquire nuclear submarines, which was negotiated under Morrison, then US president Joe Biden and then UK prime minister Boris Johnson. As part of the agreement, Australia is funding upgrades to the US defence industrial base and is due to start receiving secondhand Virginia class nuclear submarines around 2032. Delays and cost blowouts for production of submarines for the US Navy have led to skepticism that Australia will receive the in-service boats.
The UK parliament held a year-long review and, after an inquiry by the Pentagon in 2025, Donald Trump agreed to support Aukus. Former prime ministers Paul Keating and Malcolm Turnbull, former foreign affairs ministers Gareth Evans and Bob Carr, environmental and security campaigners, and some within Labor believe Aukus is not in Australia's national interest. Garrett warned any certainty the US president would eventually agree to send submarines to Australia could not be guaranteed. "There are no refunds, no enforceable obligations on partner countries, and no recourse if things go wrong," he said.
The inquiry estimates an additional $180 billion will be needed to deal with nuclear waste because of Aukus. Australia has not identified a permanent storage site for the nuclear waste generated by the submarine fleet, including the high-level radioactive waste from the reactor core and spent fuel, which will remain toxic for thousands of years. The government's preferred measure of the total cost of the deal is 0.15% of GDP over its lifetime. The first Virginia-class nuclear sub from the US is due to arrive in Australia in 2032, with another arriving every four years, before the Australian-built model is ready for operations. The bespoke SSN Aukus model is due to come online in 2042.