Key facts
- The Taliban entered Kabul on August 15, 2021, marking the start of their fifth year in power.
- Security has improved, but women's rights are significantly curtailed.
- The Afghan economy remains hobbled.
- Supreme leader Hibatullah Akhundzada has consolidated power and enforced an Islamic system.
- Russia has recognized the Taliban as the official government of Afghanistan.
Afghanistan is entering its fifth year under Taliban rule following their seizure of Kabul on August 15, 2021. While security has seen improvements, the country faces significant challenges, including curtailed women's rights and a hobbled economy. The Taliban government operates through decrees, with supreme leader Hibatullah Akhundzada cementing his authority and vision for an Islamic system. This includes the ratification of the Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice Law, which dictates many aspects of daily life. Akhundzada's supporters emphasize his religious authority, with criticism of him being equated to blasphemy. Power brokers within the Taliban, such as Interior Minister Sirajuddin Haqqani, have seen their influence diminished as Akhundzada has consolidated control over military assets. Despite international isolation, the Taliban have developed diplomatic ties and are generating tax revenues to sustain the country. However, challenges such as climate change, population growth, and reduced foreign aid will test their leadership capabilities.