Key facts
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi has completed 12 years in office.
- Key policy initiatives include demonetization, the Goods and Services Tax (GST), and the revocation of Article 370.
- The Ram Mandir in Ayodhya was consecrated on January 22, 2024.
- The Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has become a central part of India's digital infrastructure.
- The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) is a large-scale food security program.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi has marked 12 years in office, a period defined by significant policy decisions and reforms across economic, constitutional, and foreign policy domains. Since taking oath on May 26, 2014, Modi has led three consecutive governments, overseeing transformative changes in India.
Key economic interventions included demonetization on November 8, 2016, which aimed to curb black money and counterfeit currency, and the launch of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on July 1, 2017, intended to create a unified national market. The GST structure was later simplified, retaining principal rates of 5% and 18% for most products.
In national security, Operation Sindoor, launched in May 2025, represented an expansive cross-border military action targeting terror facilities. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), enacted in 2016, aimed to resolve corporate debt issues, leading to significant recovery of funds for creditors and a reduction in gross non-performing assets.
Constitutional changes included the revocation of Article 370 on August 5, 2019, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir, followed by its reorganisation into two Union Territories. The Supreme Court upheld this decision on December 11, 2023. The construction of the Ram Mandir in Ayodhya, a politically significant issue, saw its consecration on January 22, 2024.
Digital transformation was driven by the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), launched in April 2016, which by 2025 accounted for roughly half of global digital transaction volume. Welfare delivery was expanded through schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY), which provides free foodgrains to nearly 80 crore people.