Key facts
- Australia will continue to permit the use of the herbicide paraquat, which is banned in over 70 countries.
- The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) made the final decision following a review.
- Stricter conditions will be implemented to reduce exposure risks for farmworkers, birds, and mammals.
- The APVMA stated that scientific reviews did not establish a causal link between paraquat and Parkinson's disease.
- New restrictions include phasing out backpack sprayers and requiring enclosed mixing and loading systems for users.
The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) has announced that the herbicide paraquat will continue to be used in Australia, despite being banned in over 70 countries due to concerns about its link to Parkinson's disease. The regulator stated that its review of scientific literature did not establish a causal link between paraquat exposure and the neurological disease.
However, the APVMA will implement stricter conditions on its use to mitigate risks to farmworkers, birds, and mammals. These new measures include phasing out backpack sprayers, requiring enclosed mixing and loading systems, and enhancing personal protective equipment. The maximum application rate for paraquat and diquat will also be significantly reduced.
This decision has drawn criticism from Parkinson's groups, scientists, and neurologists who argue that a strong correlation exists between direct exposure to paraquat and the incidence of Parkinson's disease. Professor Wes Thevathasan, a Melbourne neurologist, noted that multiple epidemiological studies suggest paraquat increases the risk of Parkinson's by around threefold, and expressed concern that the APVMA had not adequately engaged with researchers.
Olivia Nassaris, CEO of Parkinson's Australia, voiced her disappointment, questioning the value placed on Australian lives compared to those in countries with bans. The organization intends to continue advocating for a ban.
Paraquat is widely used in Australian agriculture, particularly for broad-acre farming, grains, sugarcane, cotton, and horticulture. The industry, represented by the National Farmers' Federation, acknowledges community concerns but emphasizes the importance of paraquat as a tool for conservation agriculture and integrated weed management, operating under strict, science-based safeguards.
Internal documents from manufacturer Syngenta, uncovered in a 2022 investigation, suggested the company had reservations about paraquat's chronic effects in the 1970s, contrary to public statements. Australia's regulatory approach, which relies on a risk-based assessment requiring proof of actual risk, contrasts with the precautionary approach adopted by the European Union and the UK, where manufacturers must demonstrate product safety before licensing.