Key facts
- Swiss voters are deciding on a referendum to cap the country's population at 10 million.
- The proposal is backed by the Swiss People's Party, citing strains on infrastructure and resources.
- Critics warn of negative economic consequences and damage to EU relations.
- Passage would require the government to limit population growth by 2050.
- The referendum could lead to restrictions on immigration and potentially the end of the EU's free movement agreement.
Swiss voters are heading to the polls to decide on a significant referendum that could cap the nation's population at 10 million. The proposal, championed by the right-wing populist Swiss People's Party, aims to curb the influx of foreigners, which supporters argue strains the country's infrastructure, housing, social programs, and natural resources. They also cite concerns about rising crime rates linked to open-border policies.
Conversely, critics and business associations warn that passing the initiative would be a "self-inflicted wound," potentially damaging Switzerland's economic prosperity and its crucial ties with the European Union, its largest trading partner. They contend that foreign workers provide essential labor and expertise in key sectors like healthcare, finance, pharmaceuticals, and technology. The federal government and Parliament also oppose the measure.
Since Switzerland and the EU eased restrictions on free movement in 2002, the Swiss population has grown by 23% to 9.1 million, while economic output has increased by 24%. If the referendum passes, the Swiss government would be mandated to implement measures to cap the population by 2050. Should the population reach 9.5 million before that date, the government would be forced to enact restrictions on asylum, family reunification, and residency permits, potentially leading to the termination of the EU's free movement agreement.
Experts suggest that the immediate economic and demographic fallout might be limited due to the long-term nature of the cap. However, a 'yes' vote could strain Switzerland's relationship with Brussels and cast a shadow over future foreign investment. Switzerland's foreign-born population stood at 32% as of 2024, a figure comparable to other developed nations like Luxembourg and Australia.