China gaokao exam sees fewer students amid job market concerns

China's Gaokao, the national college entrance examination, has experienced a decline in student participation for the second consecutive year, with 12.9 million students registered for the exam. This decrease is attributed to a challenging job market for graduates and a growing preference among students for vocational programs over traditional university paths. The broader context includes high youth unemployment rates and a record number of graduates expected to enter the workforce, intensifying competition for available positions.

Reflecting the difficulties in the job market, a sheep-herding position in China received an overwhelming 1,000 applications within just two days. Notably, 10% of these applicants held university degrees, indicating a trend of educated individuals seeking alternative employment outside of traditional graduate career tracks. In Hong Kong, the youth not in education, employment, or training (NEET) rate stands at 6%, which is higher than in comparable Asian economies, driven by job market mismatches and declining demand for junior roles.

Amidst these employment concerns, some students are employing unconventional methods to enhance their performance on the Gaokao. Reports indicate that students are seeking oxygen therapy in hospitals, believing it can improve brain function and reduce anxiety during the high-stakes examination period. The Gaokao is a critical determinant of a student's future academic and career trajectory.

In a strategic move to bolster future expertise in critical sectors, Chinese universities are introducing new bachelor's degree programs focused on rare earths. This initiative aims to secure China's long-term leadership and technological advantage in the global supply chain for these vital materials, signaling a focus on developing specialized skills for strategic industries.