Key facts
- China has over 40 specialist rare-earth laboratories and at least 11 universities offering rare earths degree programs.
- These programs collectively enroll over 500 students annually.
- China produces over 90% of the world's processed rare earths and rare earth magnets.
- Chinese companies benefit from a close relationship between academia and industry, enabling rapid and low-cost production.
- The West is investing billions to rebuild rare earths expertise but faces challenges in attracting students to mining fields.
China's dominance in the global rare earths market is underpinned by a robust ecosystem of specialized education and research, developed over decades. This includes numerous universities and laboratories dedicated to rare earths, producing a highly skilled workforce that integrates seamlessly with industry. Western nations are attempting to replicate this expertise with significant investments, but face challenges in attracting students to mining-related fields and in developing a comparable talent pipeline.