Keynote speech The Laws and Norms of Central Bank Independence: Where We Are, Where We Are Headed Peter Conti-Brown, Associate Professor of Financial Regulation, Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania --- Welcome address and opening of the conference - Chiara Zilioli, Director General of Legal Services, European Central Bank ‘Independence, not isolation: central banks and their connections with other authorities’. Monday, 28 and Tuesday, 29 September 2026, Hybrid event – by invitation only. This year’s conference focuses on the connections between central banks and other authorities. These relationships are often framed through the concepts of accountability and independence. The 2026 Legal Conference aims to revisit this debate by emphasizing cooperation and by discussing the arrangements that define modern central banking and banking supervision as collaborative endeavours. See the conference programme here: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/conferences/html/20260928_ECB_ESCB_legal_conference.en.html