Key facts
- An unreleased Anthropic AI model has made significant progress on the Riemann hypothesis.
An unreleased Anthropic AI model has made substantial progress on the Riemann hypothesis, a major unsolved problem in mathematics. The model tested hundreds of ideas and coordinated sub-agents to advance the proof, raising questions about AI's role in scientific discovery.

This development showcases the potential of advanced AI models to contribute to fundamental scientific and mathematical breakthroughs, challenging traditional notions of authorship and discovery in research.
An unreleased AI model developed by Anthropic has demonstrated significant progress on the Riemann hypothesis, one of mathematics' most enduring unsolved problems. The model explored hundreds of potential solutions, coordinating a network of sub-agents to analyze and validate mathematical concepts over a day and a half. This achievement, confirmed by in-house mathematicians and formalized with the Lean proof assistant, highlights the growing capability of large language models in complex scientific discovery.
The AI's approach involved testing 650 different ideas, with 60 sub-agents working collaboratively. Two agents were credited with developing key mathematical concepts, while others assisted in validation and paper composition. This breakthrough follows a series of AI-driven mathematical advancements, including solutions to Erdos problems and the disproof of the Jacobian conjecture.
These developments have sparked debate within the mathematical community. Some mathematicians have expressed concern that AI could diminish the value of human authorship and responsibility in proofs. However, others, like Fields Medal winner Timothy Gowers, suggest that AI might positively transform mathematics, drawing parallels to how astronomical discoveries are no longer solely attributed to individual astronomers.